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Tale of 5 Cities: Interactive Time-lapse of School-Age Population Changes

Writer's picture: Ted FujimotoTed Fujimoto

Updated: Dec 2, 2024

Introduction

Over the past decade, the educational landscape in the United States has undergone significant transformations. Metropolitan areas such as Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth, Los Angeles, New York City, and Phoenix have experienced notable changes in student enrollment numbers, prompting school districts to adjust their infrastructures accordingly. This article examines the trends in declining and increasing enrollments from 2011 to 2024, highlighting specific districts affected by these changes. It analyzes recent responses in terms of school openings and closures, explores enrollment shifts in charter and private schools within these regions, and projects future trends and enrollment risks. Additionally, it incorporates the impact of job growth and economic diversity in each region, recognizing these factors as leading indicators of future enrollment trends.


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Chicago Metropolitan Area

Declining Enrollment (2011–2024)

Chicago Public Schools (CPS), the third-largest school district in the U.S., has faced a steady decline in student enrollment over the past decade. In the 2011–2012 school year, CPS had approximately 404,000 students. By the 2023–2024 school year, enrollment had decreased to around 320,000 students—a loss of over 84,000 students.


Districts Experiencing Decline

  • Chicago Public Schools (CPS): The central district has seen consistent enrollment drops.

  • Suburban Districts: Some suburban districts like Proviso Township High Schools have also reported declining numbers.


Factors Contributing to Decline

  • Population Shifts: Out migration from the city to suburbs or other states has reduced the number of school-aged children.

  • Lower Birth Rates: A decrease in birth rates has led to smaller incoming kindergarten classes.

  • Economic Factors: Economic challenges and affordability issues have prompted families to relocate.

  • School Choice Options: The rise of charter schools and private education alternatives has diverted students from traditional public schools.


Charter and Private School Enrollment

  • Charter Schools:

    • Enrollment in CPS charter schools increased during the early 2010s but has stabilized or slightly declined in recent years due to a cap on new charter schools and growing scrutiny.

      • Example: Noble Network of Charter Schools, one of the largest in Chicago, saw enrollment plateau around 12,000 students.

  • Private Schools:

    • Private school enrollment in Chicago has remained relatively stable, with some fluctuations.

    • Catholic schools under the Archdiocese of Chicago have faced closures due to financial challenges and declining enrollment.


Economic Factors: Job Growth and Economic Diversity

  • Job Growth:

    • Stagnant Growth: Chicago's job growth has been slower compared to national averages. Between 2011 and 2024, the city experienced modest job growth, with some sectors like technology and healthcare expanding, while traditional manufacturing sectors declined.

    • Unemployment Rates: Chicago has faced higher unemployment rates compared to other major cities, impacting families' economic stability.

  • Economic Diversity:

    • Strengths: The city's economy is diversified across finance, technology, manufacturing, and transportation.

    • Challenges: Economic disparities persist, with significant income inequality affecting certain neighborhoods more than others.


Impact on Enrollment Trends

  • Leading Indicator: Slower job growth and economic challenges have contributed to population declines, as families move elsewhere for better opportunities, leading to decreased school enrollments.

  • Future Projections:

    • District Schools: Continued enrollment decline is likely if economic conditions do not improve significantly.

    • Charter and Private Schools: May face similar risks due to overall population decreases.


Analysis

Economic factors play a critical role in Chicago's enrollment trends. Without significant job growth and economic revitalization, especially in underserved communities, the district schools may continue to experience enrollment declines. Efforts to stimulate economic development could help retain families and stabilize school enrollments.

Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex

Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

New York City Metropolitan Area

Phoenix Metropolitan Area


Comparative Insights


Economic Drivers Across Markets

  • Chicago: Economic stagnation and population outflows remain key challenges.

  • Dallas-Fort Worth: Corporate relocations and a thriving job market fuel rapid growth.

  • Los Angeles: Economic disparity and high costs continue to drive families away.

  • New York City: While job opportunities are strong, affordability remains a significant barrier.

  • Phoenix: Rapid job growth and affordability make it a standout for population and enrollment increases.


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